Nous publions ce mois une note sur les comportements hostiles subis au travail. Avec une personne concernée sur trois dans l’enquête Conditions de travail, le phénomène est malheureusement fréquent. Le travail que nous présentons montre que les comportements se cumulent souvent, et prennent rapidement une coloration sexuelle quand les victimes sont des femmes.

Nous saluons par ailleurs l’ouverture de deux blogs institutionnels de première importance, celui de l’Insee et celui de l’IPP. À l’ère d’une information rapide et circulant par de nombreux canaux, nous partageons l’idée exprimée par ces deux institutions que le blog comble un manque entre les documents de recherche et notes d’analyses, ancrées dans un temps long, et les prise de position immédiates relayées par les médias. Bienvenue à eux !

Observatoire

Étendue et perception de la violence au travail

Les comportements hostiles sur le lieu de travail sont malheureusement courants – d’après l’enquête Conditions de travail et Risques psychosociaux, ils touchent pratiquement une personne sur trois en France. Notre Note s’intéresse à la prévalence de ces comportements, et comment les victimes en appréhendent les motifs. Ce dernier point met en évidence de forts contraste entre genres.

Iris Laugier, « Étendue et perception de la violence au travail »,Observatoire du bien-être du Cepremap, 03 Mars 2020.

Personal and economic well-being in the UK: February 2020

L’ONS a publié le 06 février dernier son analyse trimestrielle du bien-être au Royaume-Uni. Pour la première fois depuis 2011 (début des séries trimestrielles), la satisfaction de vie a chuté par rapport à l’année précédente, sur fond d’inquiétudes quand à l’emploi et aux perspectives économiques du Royaume-Uni après le Brexit.

Retour en force des blogs : l’Insee et l’IPP

Conscientes de la nécessité d’une communication plus rapide, moins formelle mais tout aussi exigeante, les équipes de l’Insee et de l’Institut des Politiques Publiques ont lancé leurs blogs respectifs. Nous sommes très heureux de cette décision, qui ajoute deux sources de très grande qualité au débat public.

Le blog de l’Insee : https://blog.insee.fr/

Le blog de l’IPP : https://blog.ipp.eu/

Lu sur le Web

Quels effets des transferts directs inconditionnels ?

À l’occasion d’un échange sur Twitter, nous avons découvert un nouvel article sur les conséquences d’un gain à la loterie sur le bien-être. Mobilisant l’observation de de plus de 3 000 gagnants à la loterie suédoise, « Long-run Effects of Lottery Wealth on Psychological Well-being » met en évidence que le gain a un effet positif et durable sur la satisfaction de vie et le bien-être financier, et faible sur les autres dimensions du bien-être.

Ioana Marinescu invite à lire ces travaux à la lumière de sa synthèse sur les expérimentations de revenu universel. Elle suggère en particulier que l’absence d’effet mesurable sur plusieurs dimensions du bien-être pourraient être due au caractère égalitaire de la distribution des revenus en Suède.

“Long-run Effects of Lottery Wealth on Psychological Well-being”, Erik Lindqvist, , Robert Östling, REStud, forthcoming

No Strings Attached: The Behavioral Effects of U.S. Unconditional Cash Transfer Programs, Ioana Marinescu, Roosevelt Institute Report, 2017

How retirement can affect mental health: Lessons from the Netherlands

Retirement is a major professional and personal milestone, and the welfare effects are varied and complex. This column exploits data from the Netherlands to investigate the impact on mental health. While retirement appears to have positive mental health effects for partnered men and their partners, the effects are often negative for single men. For both partnered and single women, retiring appears to have fewer mental health implications. The findings suggest that allowing for greater overall flexibility in the retirement process could have welfare-improving effects.

“How retirement can affect mental health: Lessons from the Netherlands”, VoxEU, Matteo Picchio, Jan van Ours, 02 February 2020

Well-Being During the Transition from Work to Retirement

Abstract: We investigate the consequences of retirement from work for the overall well-being of individuals aged 50 and above. Well-being is captured by two different concepts: life satisfaction and agency-freedom, i.e. the evaluation of a person’s ability to do the things s/he wants to do and be who s/he wants to be. We use three observation periods of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and include nine European countries. The sample counts 62,082 observations (38,344 individuals) of at least 50 years old. A fixed-effects estimation approach is used so that differences in (time-invariant) individual characteristics are taken into account. We control for changes in financial and health situations of the individual and the situations of the partner. When retiring, people do not immediately report (on average) a different level of life satisfaction, but after 2 years, life satisfaction decreases compared to the beginning of the retirement [identified as Atchley’s honeymoon effect (The sociology or retirement, Wiley, New York, 1976)]. If well-being is expressed as agency-freedom, well-being is immediately positively affected, and this effect does not change after 2 years of retirement. This paper also investigates several forms of heterogeneities in the transition from work to retirement. We consider partial, early and joint retirement, part-time employment and self-employment, and job quality. We find that there is no difference in overall well-being between being partially and fully retired, between being retired before or after the normal retirement age or between those who retire simultaneously with their partner and those who do not. However, for some older workers, such as those employed with a low-quality job, retirement can be a relief from their current employment status. In summary, a policy for longer working careers is, on average, not detrimental to well-being, but some specific groups need special treatment.

Sohier, L., Van Ootegem, L. & Verhofstadt, E. Well-Being During the Transition from Work to Retirement. J Happiness Stud (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00228-6

The Effect of Income and Wealth on Subjective Well-Being in the Context of Different Welfare State Regimes

Abstract: In this article, we study the causal effects of two economic standing measures on the subjective well-being of the elderly, as well as the moderating effects of distinct welfare regimes on these relationships. For our analysis, we classify countries into the following welfare regimes: Conservative, Social-democratic, Mediterranean, and Post-socialist. We address the income endogeneity issue by utilizing the panel structure of our data and instrumenting for income. Our findings show that the significance and strength of the effects of both economic standing measures on life satisfaction are moderated by the institutional context or welfare regime type, which we support by providing several robustness checks. Finally, we make a deeper inquiry into the heterogeneity of the countries classified. After controlling for endogeneity, our results indicate that the relationship between economic standing and life satisfaction is mostly driven by individual countries, which suggests caution when studying the effect of economic standing on subjective well-being.

Dominko, M., Verbič, M. The Effect of Income and Wealth on Subjective Well-Being in the Context of Different Welfare State Regimes. J Happiness Stud (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00225-9